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The Kiviter process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction. ==History== The Kiviter process is based on the earlier vertical retort technology (Pintsch's generator).〔 This technology underwent a long process of development. The early concept of central inlet of the heat carrier was later replaced by a concept of heat carrier gas cross flow in the retort.〔 The Kiviter technology has been used in Estonia since 1921, when first experimental Kiviter retorts were built.〔 〕 The first commercial scale oil plant based on the Kiviter technology was built in 1924.〔 〕 From 1955 to 2003, Kiviter technology was used for oil shale processing also in Slantsy, Russia.〔 〕〔 〕〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kiviter process」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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